Writing a poem is all about observing the world within you or around you. You can write about anything, from love to the rusty gate at the old farm. As long as you are enjoying it or finding a release of tension through it, you’re on the right track.
Steps
Read and listen to poetry . Whether someone who has never seen a sonnet nor heard haiku can truly be a poet is an open question. It is almost certain, though, that any poet who has been published or who has garnered any following enhanced their skills by reading or listening to good poetry, even if they later scoffed at conventional notions of what was "good." "Good" poems fall into three categories: those that are recognized as classics, those that seem to be popular, and those that you personally like. Poems typically being short, there is no reason not to explore plenty of both.
Original manu,,,,,, of Longfellow’s "The Village Blacksmith." The revisions on the page give us an idea of how the poem evolved.
Find a spark.A poem may be born as a snippet of verse, maybe just a line or two that seems to come out of nowhere. This is usually called ‘inspiration’, and the remainder of the poem need only be written around it.
At other times you may want to write about a specific thing or idea. If this is the case, do a little planning. write down all the words and phrases that come to mind when you think of that idea. Allow yourself to put all your ideas into words.
It may sound difficult, but do not be afraid to voice your exact feelings. Emotions are what make poems, and if you lie about your emotions it can be easily sensed in the poem. write them down as quickly as possible, and when you’re done, go through the list and look for connections or certain items that get your creative juices flowing.
Think about what you want to achieve with your poem . Perhaps you want to write a poem to express your love for your boyfriend or girlfriend; perhaps you want to commemorate a tragic event; or maybe you just want to get an "A" in your poetry class. Think about why you are writing your poem and who your intended audience is, and then proceed in your writing accordingly.
Decide which poetry style suits your subject . There are a great many different poetic styles. [1]. If you see "Winter icicles / plummeting like Enron stock…" perhaps you’ve got a haiku in your head. As a poet, you have a wide variety of set forms to choose from: limericks, sonnets, villanelles … the list goes on and on. You may also choose to abandon form altogether and write your poem in free verse. While the choice may not always be as obvious as the example above, the best form for the poem will usually manifest itself during the writing process.
Try to fit into a particular scene you want to write about . For example, if you want to write about nature, try to visit a park or a small forest nearby. The natural scenery may inspire few lines, even if they’re not perfect.
Listen to your poem . While many people today have been exposed to poetry only in written form, poetry was predominantly an aural art for thousands of years, and the sound of a poem is still important. As you write and edit your poem, read it aloud and listen to how it sounds.
A poem’s internal structure commonly focuses on rhythm, rhyme, or both. Consider classic styles like sonnets and Greek epics for inspiration.
The bulk of English ,,,,s seems to be two-syllable words with the first syllable stressed. You can more easily fit rhythmic patterns with second syllables stressed, like iambic pentameter with a one-syllable less-important word such as an article or preposition at the beginning of a line to offset a string of two-syllable words.
This is where poems can become songs. It is easier to find a tune for regular meter, so maybe you want to cut words out or put some in to get the same number of syllables in each line. Memorize it. If you believe it, then maybe someone else will learn it and love it before it is a song.
Write down your thoughts as they come to you. Don’t edit as you write, or do edit as you write – the choice is yours. However, you should try both methods at least a couple times to see what works best for you.
Choose the right words . It’s been said that if a novel is "words in the best order," then a poem is "the best words in the best order." Think of the words you use as building blocks of different sizes and shapes. Some words will fit together perfectly, and some won’t. You want to keep working at your poem until you have built a strong structure of words. Use only those words that are necessary, and those that enhance the meaning of the poem. Choose your words carefully. The differences between similar sounding words or synonyms can lead to interesting word play.
A computer spreadsheet such as OpenOffice.org Calc, is very efficient for rearranging words and checking rhythm through columns’ alignment. Put one syllable in each cell. You can transfer the ,,,, to a word processor for fancier printing when you’re done.
Use concrete imagery and vivid de,,,,,,ions .
Love, hate, happiness: these are all abstract concepts. Many (perhaps all) poems are, deep down, about emotions and other abstractions. Nevertheless, it’s hard to build a strong poem using only abstractions – it’s just not interesting. The key, then, is to replace or enhance abstractions with concrete images, things that you can appreciate with your senses: a rose, a shark, or a crackling fire, for example. The concept of the objective correlative may be useful. An objective correlative is an object, several objects, or a series of events (all concrete things) that evoke the emotion or idea of the poem.
Really powerful poetry not only uses concrete images; it also describes them vividly. Show your readers and listeners what you’re talking about–help them to experience the imagery of the poem. Put in some "sensory" handles. These are words that describe the things that you hear, see, taste, touch, and smell, so that the reader can identify with their own experience. Give some examples rather than purely mental/intellectual de,,,,,,ions. As a silly example, consider "He made a loud sound", versus "He made a loud sound like a hippo eating 100 stale pecan pies with ,,,,l teeth".
Use poetic devices to enhance your poem’s beauty and meaning . The most well known poetic device is rhyme. Rhyme can add suspense to your lines, enhance your meaning, or make the poem more cohesive. It can also make it prettier. Don’t overuse rhyme. It’s a crime. In fact, you don’t have to use rhyme at all. Other poetic devices include meter, ,,,,phor, assonance, alliteration, and repetition. If you don’t know what these are, you may want to look in a poetry book or search the Internet. Poetic devices can establish a poem, or, if they bring too much attention to themselves, can ruin it.
Save your most powerful message or insight for the end of your poem . The last line is to a poem what a punch line is to a joke–something that evokes an emotional response. Give the reader something to think about, something to dwell on after reading your poem. Resist the urge to explain it; let the reader become engaged with the poem in developing an understanding of your experience or message.
Edit your poem . When the basic poem is written, set it aside for awhile and then read the poem out loud to yourself. Go through it and balance the choice of words with the rhythm. Take out unnecessary words and replace imagery that isn’t working. Some people edit a poem all at once, while others come back to it again and again over time. Don’t be afraid to rewrite if some part of the poem is not working. Some poems have lines that simply don’t convey an element well, and can be replaced.
Get opinions . It can be hard to critique your own work, so after you’ve done an initial edit, try to get some friends or a poetry group (there are plenty online) to look at your poem for you. You may not like all their suggestions, and you don’t have to take any of them, but you might find some insight that will make your poem better. Feedback is good. Pass your poem around, and ask your friends to critique your work. Tell them to be honest, even if it’s painful. Filter their responses, heeding and ignoring, then edit as you see fit.